What problems were faced by the freed slaves? Under the Constitution, the House of Representatives acts as a grand jury in impeachment cases and determines whether there is enough evidence to bring an official to trial. they had belonged to the democratic party known as the bourbon democrats. Grant Administration; Reconstruction Ends, Next endstream
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No. As a result, the Democrats began using their newfound majority to roll back many of the social programs put in place during Reconstruction that were designed to aid the poor and African Americans. Sharecroppers typically did not have enough good farmland or time to tend to it. Established the concepts of birthright citizenship (anyone born within U.S. boundaries or territories subject to the jurisdiction of U.S. law was automatically a U.S. citizen, excluding Indians) and equal protection of the law. Johnson appointed provisional governors and authorized them to set up state conventions, which in turn were charged with declaring secession illegal; repudiating Confederate debts; ratifying the Thirteenth Amendment, which abolished slavery in the United States; and scheduling elections. that he violated the Tenure of Office Act--by firing Sec of War Stanton. answer choices wealthy plantation owners and Confederate officials. Yes, a few. The KKK wanted to move power in government back to the Democratic Party. Essentially repudiating the 1857 Dred Scott decision, the amendment clearly states that all persons born or naturalized in the United States are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. It provides for due process and equal protection under the law. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. This hostility gathered strength as scandals continued to supply evidence for its justification. 2. Adoption of the amendment was an issue in the 1866 congressional elections, but the president's campaign against it did not work. The Tenure of Office Act required the president to obtain approval from the Senate to remove any officeholder that the Senate had confirmed. Think. If this activity does not load, try refreshing your browser. no, although many blacks stopped participating. The teacher will also want to discuss the vernacular and odd spellings that occasionally come through in diary entries and interviews with ordinary citizens and ex-slaves. WebQuestion 1 What was the primary purpose of the Reconstruction period following the Civil War? Blacks were required to either sign labor contracts or face arrest for vagrancy, and they were not allowed to serve on juries or testify in court. Then, for each characteristic of, Reconstruction listed on the chart, check off whether your character would feel positive. The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution officially abolished and continues to prohibit slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. evaluating reconstruction quizlet This helped to shape the national political debate for generations. Johnson deliberately removed himself from the decisions involving Reconstruction. What was Johnson's plan for Reconstruction? HUO0~_qo'N$bMLBB#%mSIn;6wNO'Hb While one document cannot speak to the effects of the war on an entire group, it will give students an insight into what may have represented a common experience and reaction to Reconstruction policy. Evaluating Reconstruction .docx - Course Hero Would he or she feel anger over, anything? He believed that there would be no benefit to punishing southern states. "waving the bloody shirt" reminded the voters of Grant's war victory. for freed slaves. The Civil Rights Act of 1866 guaranteed African Americans in 2 Third step is about monitoring of collections 3 Involves the evaluation of. Poll taxes prevented poor citizens from being able to vote. WebEvaluating Reconstruction Directions: Watch Crash Course #22 and use your Reconstruction Notes to answer the questions below. Presented to the Capitalists and People of the Central and Northern States, by Bannister, Cowan & Company, Group E: Excerpt from Albert T. Morgan, Yazoo, Or, On the Picket Line of Freedom, 1881. It helped maintain schools for black kids and insured fairness of labor contracting. What was the immediate cause of Johnson's impeachment? What happened to white small farmers during this time? When the groups have completed their worksheets and concluded their discussion, the teacher, as Committee chairman, should lead the groups in brief presentations to the class (the Congressional Committee) highlighting their findings. Radical Republicans thought it was letting the South off too easily. The sharecropping model left many tenant farmers in such dire straits that it was nearly impossible to break free from their economic shackles. There were also a number of members in Congress who were involved in the Crdit Mobilier scandal, which involved the Union Pacific Railroad and federal contracts for the first Transcontinental Railroad. Connected to this question were larger discussions about the rights of four million newly-freed African Americans, the extent to which former Confederates should be punished for their role in the war, the fulfillment of "Manifest Destiny" through westward expansion and settlement of Indian Country, and the meanings of freedom and justice in the United States. The Reconstruction Era was a transformative period in U.S. history that took place during the Civil War era. The effects of the Civil War and of Reconstructionparticularly in the Southcontinue to shape and to be a contentious subject in our politics today. many had borrowed form the merchants who forclosed on them when they could not pay. Stanton was suspended in August 1867 and replaced with Grant as an interim. Lincoln vetoed this bill, setting the stage for a compromise on the issue of Reconstruction. He told the southern states to reject it. The authors of the documents were selected to show a variety of contrasting views and also to reflect the different ways that Reconstruction affected various populations. Who were the Exodusters? They passed two bills. Worked a piece of land for a fixed share of the crop. President Johnson vetoed the Act, but Congress overrode his veto to pass it. Once each convention's elections were held for governor, state legislators, and members of Congress, the states would be readmitted to the Union. WebList the groups in chronological order that ran and controlled the Reconstruction process in the US Government. gave blacks equal access to public accommodations answer choices Time period after the Civil War Attempt to rebuild and reunite the North and South When 3 new amendments to the Constitution were passed All of the above! Discuss how these policies may have affected attitudes in Andrew Johnson. was a negative term Southerners adopted and gave to opportunistic and speculative Northerners who moved to the South during the Reconstruction Era, often seen as frauds. Corruption compromised the ability of the government and, frequently, of private interests to facilitate the reconstruction of the South. Demonstrate their ability to navigate through a statistical map interactive. As a result, these farmers remained in a form of economic bondage, tied to the landowner with no foreseeable way of making enough personal profit to become independent. The historians aim is to write the first comprehensive history of the period. They were northerners who came south for jobs. Congress established a joint committee to review Reconstruction policy and set further conditions for readmitting states. &!O3bsJ!WK^86QP91IDY LcB=G[s^P`~`AB)Pd~yfOqbS(ox2GWb{quG9sX }Lg U[* How would you evaluate corruption in the Reconstruction legislatures? What were the provisions of the first Reconstruction Act? Learning Objectives Evaluate the successes and After 10% of a states voters signed a loyalty oath to the Union and the Constitution and abolished slavery, it could hold elections and vote and would be granted a full pardon and readmitted to the Union. What lesson did the Republicans learn from Grant's slim victory? What was the purpose behind the Black Codes? wF.*is5oGYqUTsaqrY)$y,
"beVv1=;"urk{k"56#UEli[EB9}qJ=YY@jOU{[89K,2M`` The objective is to show the students how the combination of facts, opinions, statistics, and pictures can broaden their understanding of a subject. Compose and turn in for a grade a 2-4 page brief for the historian in Activity 2 that more fully evaluates the views presented in the document covered by his or her group. These conditions made it quite difficult for the Republican Party to get much of a foothold in the South among any except black voters and those who had relocated from the North. Ulysses S. Grant, Gen Commander of the Union forces in the Civil War. Provided food, clothes, transportation, etc. Prior to his election Congress had already passed, among other legislative acts: Guaranteed protection for all U.S. citizens, regardless of color, to "to make and enforce contracts, to sue, be parties, give evidence, and to the full and equal benefit of all laws and proceedings for the security of persons and property as is enjoyed by white citizens, and shall be subject to like punishment, pains, penalties, taxes, licenses, and exactions of every kind." In some cases these newcomers were motivated by noble sentiment, while others were merely out to seek their fortunes. Which of the following describes the African American experience in the Reconstruction-Era South? Northern Republicans who moved down South, often with intentions of helping rebuild Southern society. Instead, Johnson focused primarily on putting Union-loyal white leaders in place in Southern statehouses. EDSITEment is a project of theNational Endowment for the Humanities, Smithsonian Learning Lab collection on the Reconstruction Era, America's Reconstruction: People and Politics After the Civil War, Freedmen and Southern Society Project: Chronology of Emancipation, Excerpts from the testimony of Maddie Curtis, Excerpt from the conclusion of Holland Thompson, The Resources of North Carolina: Its Natural Wealth, Condition, and Advantages, as Existing in 1869, The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, Letter from President Ulysses S. Grant to the Hon. The states were allowed to ignore the Fourteenth Amendment. The Freedmen's Bureau helped most in the area of education. A monumental tomb in New York City was constructed in his honor as a result of what was the largest public fundraising campaign in history up to that time. One thing students might consider, for example, is how the devastation of war and the slow pace of efforts to recover from that devastation kept the South in a subordinate economic position in comparison to the faster growing cities of the North. Who became president when Lincoln was assassinated? 109 0 obj
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Connect to Life Which speaker's view of love appeals more to you? In this sense Reconstruction failed not because of President Grant or even because of southern opposition to civil rights, but because an entire nation--North, South, and West--lost the political and moral will to support the cause of equality before the law. The carpetbaggers, so named because of how they travelled light with inexpensive luggage made of fabric, were largely a benign group of Northern Republicans seeking a fresh start in the South (despite Southern Democrats fears to the contrary). For this activity, the students will use the interactive maps [temporarily located at http://civclients.com/nehint/recon/] as well as the documents specified below that can be found in the Text Document for Activity 1. they wre industrialists and bankers. The Civil Rights Act of 1866, which granted blacks born in the United States the same rights as white citizens, also became law (in April) over the president's objection. beOai4sA 'aKjlNa
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Explain your choice. The Amnesty Act of 1872 completely flipped the script on Southern politics and halted the progress being made by Reconstruction efforts. >YpVE$r#]Y@ -7}bKfl[83 WebThe Emancipation Proclamation had freed only those enslaved in rebellious states, leaving many enslaved peoplemost notably, those in the border statesin bondage; furthermore, it did not alter or prohibit the institution of slavery in general. In the Senate? Women's rights advocates Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton were incensed that the Fifteenth Amendment did not also list gender among the conditions that could not be used to deny a citizen the right to vote. It was known as the 10% Plan. All of the amendments were made to protect former slaves and their rights but on paper they did not have any rights. Please wait while the activity loads. e17bZVXrKW@]snp/bAb Ff# 4} GoBEeNoh,:XDlU@? 1&f<6a&wX5:(mIt%`}o"0`PVi>r#7e^2F+Y{\p^W African Americans began to be elected to federal, state, and local governmental posts. What are the Constitutional Grounds for impeachment? Ex. `cw]}{(ugeFo, +mKk.]{g~S^NWs0znS`~Zm%,Kw~vBY5_oLx|? 0
If you leave this page, your progress will be lost. Women still could not vote. How did the stereotype of carpetbaggers compare with the reality? Reconstruction was successful in helping to reunite a divided country. The term was used derisively by white Southern Democrats who opposed Reconstruction legislation. 2. Segregation laws would sunset and have to be repealed within the next 20 years. Each document corresponds to one of the five Topics in the After Reconstruction section of the interactive. Established in March 1865, the Bureau had provided blacks in the South with material assistance, schools, and guidance in settling on abandoned land. 124 0 obj
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It forbade any state to deny any citizen the right to vote because of "race, color, or previous condition of servitude", Northerners who went south in search for profits; Southners who supported the Republican governments in the South. they became caught up in debt. The federal government pledged larger amounts of financial assistance to the Southern states. ~~C9;9owSQ?C ` N-
But in the end, events overpowered the best thinking on both sides of this divide and the impact of these great victories was left to be felt and interpreted by a new generation of Americans. Republicans regained a substantial number of voters who had previously been denied voting rights due to unproven war crimes. A large number of immigrants and African Americans were given voting rights. Those who were not eligible for amnesty could appeal for a pardon. It declared that all people born in the United States are entitled to be citizens without regard to race, color, or previous condition of slavery. There was no profit for workers. WebReconstruction was a significant chapter in the history of civil rights in the United States, but most historians consider it a failure. For the most part, women were unsuccessful in their own fight for voting rights. The teacher may wish to review these documents so as to be able to explain any difficult vocabulary or unfamiliar vernacular. Return to slavery in a different way. Microbiology CH9 Genetic Change and Genome Ev. But how much really changed? Blacks that did not have jobs could be put in jail, and therefore took the first job (even bad jobs) offered to them. His policies after he became president were even more lenient than Lincoln's, and they caused a confrontation with the Radical Republicans in Congress that culminated in his impeachment. HUn0+(cj , @X! Although the Lost Cause narrative argued that Grant's presidency had been a complete failure, more recent scholarship has attempted to reevaluate his legacy in a more balanced manner, highlighting both the accomplishments and shortcomings of his eight years in office. CAm? xT+&DLeD bJLA/RO\Hh2cN]J8JUApfGuYB^(YDLsNil/y!0>3LW{0 nPt2==eD>>H5o How did the results of Reconstruction policy shape the politics of the reconstructed states and the nation at large? 12-17 Written Guided Reading Assignment, Principles of Microeconomics Group Assignment.docx, Website-Resume-Student-Checklist-2017.pdf, Express v to show or make known a feeling an opinion etc by words looks or, Consistent with the culture of the Employer you will be expected to present a, The turn based rules were as follows 2 Moves and 1 Explore in any combination If, Points 00 40 Points A Choice A B Choice B C Choice C D Choice D Part 11 of 25 40, QUIZ QUES Institutions can be understood as a regular patterns of behaviour that, L2 Molecules of Life interactive notes_2022 (1).docx, Launching_a_Redesign_of_University_Princ.pdf, Question 34 In an address in 1983 President Reagan referred to the Soviet Union, A 22 year old woman comes to her primary care physician because of an 8 week, Basic Statistics and creating the control chart .pdf, Apply the Nursing Care plan on the client described in the Clinical scenario state the Assessment Diagnosis Planning Intervention Rationale Evaluation You are working as a Labor and Delivery Nurse at. All the of the African American were expelled in 1868 when whites said that the Constitution gave freedmen the right to vote, but never explicitly said they had the right to run for and hold an office because they were once slaves. Reconstruction Era National Historic Park in Beaufort, South Carolina defines Reconstruction as having started in 1861 (the beginning of the American Civil War) and lasting until the early twentieth century. How did the WadeDavis Bill deal with the issues of Reconstruction? HU=s0+E{r\Ivtv($ *]L0/ u-HKX~9T quizlet.com H6 Reconstruction i. still conservative Republicans. Rather than working with congressmen who might have supported his Reconstruction plan, Johnson alienated potential political allies by vetoing legislation intended to ensure civil rights for African Americans. RZhC These expanding Northern cities were a draw for much of the dislocated workforce in the Southincluding newly freed slaves. ]~ys6i`>lp=xY9'X\eQS%'#H
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xL*m18&) B:17R#Y#>\ When duly elected black representatives were expelled from the Georgia legislature, Georgia once again fell under military rule. Amnesty was granted to any southerner who took an oath of allegiance, with the exception of Confederate officials, officers, and wealthy landowners. WebEvaluating Reconstruction As the Civil War was drawing to a close in 1865, President Lincoln began making plans for the physical, economic, social and political rehabilitation of a region E&GvBQ"RYP F2;~}i,v
K_)DR zdh[_/P&ME *8-pmw(j7Qjcmj9~::$x}v8@;aZwO,qo But another clear reason was the often ineffective and incompetent governing that characterized many of the post-war Republican Southern governments. The end of the Civil War found the nation without a settled Reconstruction policy. This meant that Southern governments frequently were in the hands of novices: for example, inexperienced (and sometimes illiterate) freedmen andworse yet, from the point of view of many Southern loyalistsNortherners who had moved in the wake of war to assist in the recovery effort. How did white Southerners view the Freedmen's Bureau? State conventions, elected by universal male suffrage, were to draw up new constitutions, which had to give blacks the right to vote and had to be approved by Congress. At every step, Congress intervened and put laws in place that circumvented and, in some cases, limited the Presidents authority. Segregation was ruled unconstitutional and all Jim Crow laws had to be immediately repealed. Congress was divided among Radical, Moderate, and Conservative Republicans and Democrats. The end of the war brought with it much devastation and, of course, those who knew how to turn devastation into opportunity. Congress passed the Thirteenth Amendment in January 1865, formally outlawing slavery in the United States. Please visit using a browser with javascript enabled. Booth, a stage actor, had ties to the Confederate cause. In many ways, we continue these struggles in our politics today. The Democratic Party was disbanded and replaced with a new, more liberal version of the Republican Party. Which class in the New South had recovered political power from the carpetbaggers? Grant's victory came in large part to nearly 500,000 black voters in the South who overwhelmingly voted for him and the Republican party during the election. Compose a two-page essay explaining the ways in which the effects of Reconstruction may continue to affect our politics today. B 9. one of the closest races in American history. WebWhat is Reconstruction? The reconstruction period had its successes and failures. The Learning Page at the American Memory Project of the Library of Congress includes a set of activities to develop primary document skills. To the north, it looked like slavery in a new form. The Freedmen's Bureau was designed to help blacks and poor whites by providing cloths, food, and education. vague-treason, bribery, or other high crimes or misdemeanors. Borrowed what they needed on credit from the owner, it was a bad because the farmer always owed more money than they made on the farm, leaving them stuck in this system. Things began to change socially, politically, and economically. When did reconstruction begin? Reconstruction lasted from the Civil War to 1877. During Civil War they had "rehearsals" for reconstruction in the Union-occupied south. Idea of black people being free began during the Civil War. that they had to keep the black vote in the south and protect black voting rights in order to win future elections. Republicans were in control of both the House and Senate, and they gave a ringing endorsement to the amendment and congressional, not presidential, Reconstruction. The organization put in place after the Civil War to provide schools in the South was known as: answer choices The Civil Rights Committee WebThe largest weapons factories were located in the South. Based on the documents reviewed in this lesson, list some of the leading and competing political interests in the South as Reconstruction was drawing to a close. He placed North Carolina and eventually other states under appointed provisional governors chosen mostly from among prominent southern politicians who had opposed the secession movement and had rendered no conspicuous service to the Confederacy. Segregation was legal, as long as the notion of separate but equal was being followed. Lincoln "pocket-vetoed" this bill by refusing to sign it after Congress had adjourned. The official era of Reconstruction came to a close with the Compromise of 1877. Johnson wrote much of the Reconstruction legislation himself. Following the presentations, the teacher may also wish to lead the class in a discussion of the methodology of this activity, asking students to examine the ways in which maps, pictures, and original documents expanded their understanding of the topic. He antagonized the northern voters. accomplished nothing, it was almost never enforced. As resistance and violence continued to spread in the South, Republican resolve began to weaken. WebEvaluating Reconstruction from Multiple Perspectives Introduction The 10 year period after the Civil War is known as the Reconstruction Era. For each group, briefly describe (in one paragraph) the primary motivations and objectives that moved them to action. Distinguish the central and driving ideas at work in the documents used to illustrate this lesson. In May 1865, with Congress out of session, Johnson began to implement his own Reconstruction program. Reconstruction After the impeachment of Andrew Johnson and the ascendancy of Congress in directing Reconstruction policy, the realities of enforcing their well-meaning goals soon dimmed the enthusiasm of many Republicans. 3) The South could not repay loans from countries that helped them. How did the Compromise of 1877 effectively end Reconstruction? It prohibited state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of slavery. The teacher may also want to point out that original documents, such as these, retain their original spelling and syntaxeven if incorrect. It was approved by both houses in June 1866. _Rd~HYzA?NMDDJHojx,zZ gk3pi:A2!I,8X^78ZrT]RruNx6 The Aftermath After American Civil War: The Result of More punitive actions against the South, Lincoln felt, would only make it harder to heal the divided nation. Complete the sentence in a way that shows you understand the meaning of the italicized vocabulary word. Conclusion: The Effects of Reconstruction - Course Hero Right now, he is working on the chapter that examines the importance and impact of the Fourteenth Amendment. The documents listed above in conjunction with an examination of the painting could be used to spark an in-class discussion of the difficulties facing the South as it moved from one kind of social structure to a new, more American, way of life. Select all that apply. about the italicized questions to help you form your answers/opinions. Determined to prevent Johnson from interfering with their plan, Radical Republicans pushed through two pieces of legislation in March 1867 intended to severely limit presidential power. In fact, African Americans took part in all the conventions and made up the majority of delegates in South Carolina. It helped the Republicans seat more than 2/3 majority in the House and Congress. WebReconstruction Question 6 900 seconds Q. The states were put under the control of military commanders until they ratified the Fourteenth Amendment and rebuilt their state governments. Reconstruction quiz 1 Flashcards | Quizlet Congressional Reconstruction. WebStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Freedmen's Bureau, Reconstruction, Lincoln's Reconstruction Plan and more. The House of Representatives even voted to impeach Johnson over an appointment he made that violated the newly instated Tenure of Office Act. It also made it difficult to enforce Republican plans for Reconstruction or the 14th and 15th Amendments to the Constitution. Women's groups withdrew support to work on woman's suffrage. It required that 50 percent of a state's voters take the oath of allegiance and demanded stronger safeguards for emancipation than Lincoln's as the price of readmission. Resources that rely on Adobe Flash Player are no longer supported. Farmers would collude to drive up prices of certain crops. Who were its members? Economic Growth and Development 18151860, Grant Administration; Reconstruction Ends. Expert Help. Much of the South lay in ruins with WebQuiz The 1863 Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction proposed A plan for Radical Reconstruction The Ten-Percent Plan The Fifty-Percent Plan Andrew Johnsons Plan for Reconstruction Why did Congress reject Louisianas new constitution in 1864?
first hand documnets or eye witness accounts from this time. WebThe Reconstruction period lasted from 1865 to 1877. Upon taking office, Grant hoped to build upon the previously established framework by championing the 15th Amendment to enhance, protect, and guarantee black male voting rights nationwide. endstream
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If the teachers students have little experience evaluating primary source documents, there are several websites that include activities to help students develop these skills.
What was the purpose of the military Reconstruction Act quizlet? The Military Reconstruction Act stated that remaining Confederate states that had not been reconstructed would be divided into five military districts and put under martial law. State governments set up under Johnsons Reconstruction plan were deemed illegal and new governments were to be formed. More recent interpretations, however, offer a broader timeline for Reconstruction. On September 111, 193919391939, Nazi Germany invaded Poland. Did black legislatures outnumber whites in any state legislatures? Again, there were many reasons for the poor government in the South, including violence and sabotage from groups like the Ku Klux Klan and the racial animosity that inspired them, a general unwillingness to accept the political and social implications of equality under the law, and a lingering deep resistance to the idea of the supremacy of the Constitution and Union to state and local authority in matters of national significance. Print out all material from the Text Documents, and make the appropriate number of copies for the students. While many of the efforts at reconstruction were legitimate and well-intentioned, a good number were not. This show of weakness seemed to set the tone for Grants administration (1869-77) which, though it seemed to offer some promise to restore order and sanity to the South, actually accomplished very little in this realm.